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Smart systems engineering contributing to an intelligent carbon-neutral future: opportunities, challenges

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 1023-1029 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2142-6

摘要： This communication paper provides an overview of multi-scale smart systems engineering (SSE) approaches and their applications in crucial domains including materials discovery, intelligent manufacturing, and environmental management. A major focus of this interdisciplinary field is on the design, operation and management of multi-scale systems with enhanced economic and environmental performance. The emergence of big data analytics, internet of things, machine learning, and general artificial intelligence could revolutionize next-generation research, industry and society. A detailed discussion is provided herein on opportunities, challenges, and future directions of SSE in response to the pressing carbon-neutrality targets.

关键词： machine learning     modeling     material     industrial applications     environment    

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Preparation and performance of soft actuator based on IPMC with silver electrodes

Qi CHEN, Ke XIONG, Kan BIAN, Ning JIN, Bangfeng WANG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第4卷 第4期   页码 436-440 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0054-5

摘要： The surface electrodes of traditional ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) are made of platinum. To reduce the production cost, nonprecious metals such as silver is proposed. A new approach of electroless silver plating based on chemical deposition method is adopted, getting two types of IPMCs, Pt-Ag IPMC, and Ag-Ag IPMC. The microscopic analysis, driving abilities tests, and their surface-electrode resistance analysis show that Ag and Pt particles penetrate inside Nafion membrane with gradient distribution throughout the membrane. The maximum electro-active bending deformation angles of the specimens, which are obtained under the same specimen dimension and constrains, are about 60° for Pt-Pt IPMC and Pt-Ag IPMC and 90° for the Ag-Ag IPMC, respectively, corresponding to the driving voltage of 3 V, 4 V, and 1.5 V. The surface-electrode resistance of Ag-Ag IPMC is the lowest and the most stable, which shows that the proposed approach is valid. The experiments show that the IPMC technology based on the silver electrode is feasible.

关键词： ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC)     Nafion     intelligent material     soft actuators     electroless silver plating    

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Liquid metal material genome: Initiation of a new research track towards discovery of advanced energy

Lei WANG, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 317-332 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0271-9

摘要： As the basis of modern industry, the roles materials play are becoming increasingly vital in this day and age. With many superior physical properties over conventional fluids, the low melting point liquid metal material, especially room-temperature liquid metal, is recently found to be uniquely useful in a wide variety of emerging areas from energy, electronics to medical sciences. However, with the coming enormous utilization of such materials, serious issues also arise which urgently need to be addressed. A biggest concern to impede the large scale application of room-temperature liquid metal technologies is that there is currently a strong shortage of the materials and species available to meet the tough requirements such as cost, melting point, electrical and thermal conductivity, etc. Inspired by the Material Genome Initiative as issued in 2011 by the United States of America, a more specific and focused project initiative was proposed in this paper—the liquid metal material genome aimed to discover advanced new functional alloys with low melting point so as to fulfill various increasing needs. The basic schemes and road map for this new research program, which is expected to have a worldwide significance, were outlined. The theoretical strategies and experimental methods in the research and development of liquid metal material genome were introduced. Particularly, the calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) approach as a highly effective way for material design was discussed. Further, the first-principles (FP) calculation was suggested to combine with the statistical thermodynamics to calculate the thermodynamic functions so as to enrich the CALPHAD database of liquid metals. When the experimental data are too scarce to perform a regular treatment, the combination of FP calculation, cluster variation method (CVM) or molecular dynamics (MD), and CALPHAD, referred to as the mixed FP-CVM-CALPHAD method can be a promising way to solve the problem. Except for the theoretical strategies, several parallel processing experimental methods were also analyzed, which can help improve the efficiency of finding new liquid metal materials and reducing the cost. The liquid metal material genome proposal as initiated in this paper will accelerate the process of finding and utilization of new functional materials.

关键词： liquid metal material genome     energy material     material discovery     advanced material     room-temperature liquid alloy     thermodynamics     phase diagram    

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Robust topology optimization of multi-material lattice structures under material and load uncertainties

Yu-Chin CHAN, Kohei SHINTANI, Wei CHEN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第14卷 第2期   页码 141-152 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0531-4

摘要： Enabled by advancements in multi-material additive manufacturing, lightweight lattice structures consisting of networks of periodic unit cells have gained popularity due to their extraordinary performance and wide array of functions. This work proposes a density-based robust topology optimization method for meso- or macro-scale multi-material lattice structures under any combination of material and load uncertainties. The method utilizes a new generalized material interpolation scheme for an arbitrary number of materials, and employs univariate dimension reduction and Gauss-type quadrature to quantify and propagate uncertainty. By formulating the objective function as a weighted sum of the mean and standard deviation of compliance, the tradeoff between optimality and robustness can be studied and controlled. Examples of a cantilever beam lattice structure under various material and load uncertainty cases exhibit the efficiency and flexibility of the approach. The accuracy of univariate dimension reduction is validated by comparing the results to the Monte Carlo approach.

关键词： robust topology optimization     lattice structures     multi-material     material uncertainty     load uncertainty     univariate dimension reduction    

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工程材料研究中科学问题的思考

于翘

《中国工程科学》 1999年 第1卷 第3期   页码 1-4

摘要：

在不少场合下，航天用工程材料处在极端条件下工作，这就对材料提出许多特殊的要求，虽然国内外有一定的研究积累，但对更精确的模型和符合特定材料的损伤的状态方程，有待深一步研究。如高级弹头再入时气动加热和粒子云侵蚀以及两者耦合效应引起弹头防护材料增大后退量的问题；空中垃圾和微流星的高速碰撞对航天器的威胁；特别是核爆和激光武器对材料的损伤和破坏，实质上是辐射引起的热击波层裂破坏，这些都属于超高速碰撞对材料的响应问题。天线罩材料、吸波材料、红外隐身材料、电磁屏蔽材料都是具有不同波长电磁波的电磁功能材料，它们对固体介质的穿透、吸收、反射等会产生响应，不同的电磁功能材料，其宏观性能的物理参量不同，但有几个参量是通用的，如介电常数、磁导率和损耗角正切，搞清这些参量与材料微观结构的关系，可以为材料设计和材料创新提供科学依据。

关键词： 天线罩材料     吸波材料     红外隐身材料     电磁兼容材料    

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高分子材料的智能制造平台——高分子材料基因工程 Perspective

高梁, 王立权, 林嘉平, 杜磊

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第27卷 第8期   页码 31-36 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.018

摘要：

高性能高分子材料是高新科技和先进制造业的基石。高分子材料基因工程正在成为高分子材料智能制造的重要平台。然而，高分子材料基因工程的发展仍处于起步阶段，许多问题亟待解决。本文阐述了高分子材料基因工程的概念，总结了最新研究成果，并强调了该领域的重要挑战和发展前景。特别强调了高分子材料的性能预估方法，包括性能代理量预测和机器学习性能预测。最后，讨论了高分子材料基因工程在先进复合材料、通信和集成电路等领域所亟需的高性能高分子材料创制方面的潜在工程应用前景。

关键词： 高分子材料     材料基因组方法     机器学习     性能预测     理性设计    

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A novel approach to minimizing material loss for computer numerical control flank-regrinding of worn

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0757-z

摘要： Flanks of end mills are prone to wear in a long machining process. Regrinding is widely used in workshops to restore the flank to an original-like state. However, the traditional method involves material waste by trial and error and dramatically decreases the potential regrinding. Moreover, over-cut would happen to the flutes of worn cutters in the regrinding processes because of improper wheel path. This study presented a new approach to planning the wheel path for regrinding worn end mills to minimize material loss and recover the over-cut. In planning, a scaling method was developed to determine the maximum size of the new cutter according to the similarity of cutter shapes before and after regrinding. Then, the wheel path is first generated by envelope theory to regrind the worn area with a four-axis computer numerical control grinder according to the new size of cutters. Moreover, a second regrinding strategy is applied to recover the flute shape over-cut in the first grinding. Finally, the proposed method is verified by an experiment. Results showed that the proposed approach could save 25% of cutter material compared with the traditional method and ensure at least three regrinding times. This work effectively provides a general regrinding solution for the worn flank with maximum material-saving and regrinding period.

关键词： flank-regrinding     worn end mill     wheel position and orientation     material loss     over-cut    

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A MATLAB code for the material-field series-expansion topology optimization method

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第3期   页码 607-622 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0637-3

摘要： This paper presents a MATLAB implementation of the material-field series-expansion (MFSE) topo-logy optimization method. The MFSE method uses a bounded material field with specified spatial correlation to represent the structural topology. With the series-expansion method for bounded fields, this material field is described with the characteristic base functions and the corresponding coefficients. Compared with the conventional density-based method, the MFSE method decouples the topological description and the finite element discretization, and greatly reduces the number of design variables after dimensionality reduction. Other features of this method include inherent control on structural topological complexity, crisp structural boundary description, mesh independence, and being free from the checkerboard pattern. With the focus on the implementation of the MFSE method, the present MATLAB code uses the maximum stiffness optimization problems solved with a gradient-based optimizer as examples. The MATLAB code consists of three parts, namely, the main program and two subroutines (one for aggregating the optimization constraints and the other about the method of moving asymptotes optimizer). The implementation of the code and its extensions to topology optimization problems with multiple load cases and passive elements are discussed in detail. The code is intended for researchers who are interested in this method and want to get started with it quickly. It can also be used as a basis for handling complex engineering optimization problems by combining the MFSE topology optimization method with non-gradient optimization algorithms without sensitivity information because only a few design variables are required to describe relatively complex structural topology and smooth structural boundaries using the MFSE method.

关键词： MATLAB implementation     topology optimization     material-field series-expansion method     bounded material field     dimensionality reduction    

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A multiscale material model for heterogeneous liquid droplets in solid soft composites

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1292-1299 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0771-3

摘要： Liquid droplets in solid soft composites have been attracting increasing attention in biological applications. In contrary with conventional composites, which are made of solid elastic inclusions, available material models for composites including liquid droplets are for highly idealized configurations and do not include all material real parameters. They are also all deterministic and do not address the uncertainties arising from droplet radius, volume fraction, dispersion and agglomeration. This research revisits the available models for liquid droplets in solid soft composites and presents a multiscale computational material model to determine their elastic moduli, considering nearly all relevant uncertainties and heterogeneities at different length scales. The effects of surface tension at droplets interface, their volume fraction, size, size polydispersity and agglomeration on elastic modulus, are considered. Different micromechanical material models are incorporated into the presented computational framework. The results clearly indicate both softening and stiffening effects of liquid droplets and show that the model can precisely predict the effective properties of liquid droplets in solid soft composites.

关键词： liquid in solid     soft composite     computational modeling     multiscale model     heterogeneity    

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Influence of soft rock-fill material as dam embankment with central bituminous concrete membrane

Peter TSCHERNUTTER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 63-70 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0016-3

摘要： This paper demonstrates the difficulties in determining the relevant material parameters for a valuation of the deformation behavior of the up- and downstream dam shell by means of an embankment dam of medium height. Laboratory as well as field tests on solid rock-fill material were performed before the beginning of construction. During the construction the properties of the available rock-fill changed from solid to soft materials. This gave rise to the necessity of adjusting the dam design of the downstream dam shoulder. Several times higher dam settlements as well as significant differential settlements between the up- and downstream dam shell were observed during construction and operation. Apart from this situation, the dam has been operated for nearly 20 years and the behavior of the water barrier has been very good.

关键词： embankment dam     bituminous concrete membrane     rock-fill material properties     deformation behavior    

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Effects of sheet thickness and material on the mechanical properties of flat clinched joint

Chao CHEN, Huiyang ZHANG, Shengdun ZHAO, Xiaoqiang REN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第2期   页码 410-419 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0618-y

摘要： The flat clinching process is attracting a growing attention in the joining field of lightweight materials because it avoids the geometric protrusion that appears in the conventional clinching process. In this paper, the effects of sheet thickness and material on the mechanical properties of the clinched joint were studied. Al1060 and Al2024 sheets with 2 mm thickness were employed to develop the clinched joint by using different material configurations, and Al1060 sheets with 2.5- and 1.5-mm thicknesses were used to produce the clinched joint by using different thickness configurations. The clinched joints using various sheet configurations were sectioned, and dimensional analysis was conducted. Cross-tensile and shearing tests were carried out to analyze the mechanical properties of the clinched joint, including tensile strength, shearing strength, and absorbed energy. In addition, the failure modes of the clinched joints were discussed. Results indicated that the clinched joint with a stiff top sheet had increased static strength regardless of the test type. The clinched joint with a thick top sheet demonstrated lower static strength than the joint with a thick bottom sheet in the cross-tensile test. However, this result was reversed in the shearing tests. The flat clinching process has a great potential in joining dissimilar and various thickness materials.

关键词： clinched joint     flat clinching process     thickness configuration     material configuration     mechanical property    

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A critical review of preparation design and workability measurement of concrete material for largescale

Guowei MA, Li WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 382-400 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0430-x

摘要：

In recent few years, significant improvement has been made in developing largescale 3D printers to accommodate the need of industrial-scale 3D printing. It is of great feasibility to construct structural components and buildings by means of 3D concrete printing. The major issues of this innovative technique focus on the preparation and optimization of concrete materials which possess favourable printable properties as well as the measurement and evaluation methods of their workability. This paper firstly introduces three largescale 3D printing systems that have been successfully applied in construction industry. It then summarizes the commonly used raw materials in concrete manufacturing. Critical factors that should be particularly controlled in material preparation are specified. Easy-extrusive, easy-flowing, well-buildable, proper setting time and low shrinkage are significant for concrete mixture to meet the critical requirements of a freeform construction process. Thereafter, measuring methods that can be employed to assess the fresh and hardened properties of concrete at early stages are suggested. Finally, a few of evaluation methods are presented which may offer certain assistance for optimizing material preparation. The objective of this work is to review current design methodologies and experimental measurement and evaluation methods for 3D printable concrete materials and promote its responsible use with largescale 3D printing technology.

关键词： 3D printing     concrete material     printable property     workability measurement     construction automation    

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智能船舶工程科技发展战略研究

郎舒妍,曾晓光,张民

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第6期   页码 27-32 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.06.005

摘要：

随着新兴技术的快速发展，智能船舶逐渐成为船舶工业发展热点。本文介绍了智能船舶技术分类，梳理现阶段国内外智能船舶技术发展现状，研究国外智能船舶技术发展特点，分析我国智能船舶技术发展存在的问题，建议我国在智能船舶技术发展中采取研发与应用并重，分步实施的发展模式，同时加大产学研合作力度，建立船岸一体综合服务模式，并进一步加强人才队伍建设。

关键词： 船舶智能化，智能船舶技术，智能船舶    

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End-of-life batteries management and material flow analysis in South Korea

Hyunhee Kim, Yong-Chul Jang, Yeonjung Hwang, Youngjae Ko, Hyunmyeong Yun

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1019-x

摘要： Consumers increasingly have worn-out batteries as electrical and electronic equipment with new technical developments are introduced into the market and quickly replace older models. As a result, large amounts of end-of-life (EOL) or waste batteries are generated. Such batteries may contain a variety of materials that includes valuable resources as well as toxic elements. Thus, the proper recycling and management of batteries is very important from the perspective of resource conservation and environmental effect. The collection and recycling of EOL batteries is relatively low in South Korea compared to other countries, although an extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy was adopted for battery recycling in 2003. In this study, the management and material flow of EOL batteries is presented to determine potential problems and quantitative flow, based on literature review, site visits to battery recycling facilities, and interviews with experts in the Korea Battery Recycling Association (KBRA), manufacturers, and regulators in government. The results show that approximately 558 tons of manganese-alkaline batteries, the largest fraction among recycling target items, was disposed in landfills or incinerators in 2015, while approximately 2,000 tons of batteries were recovered at a recycling facility by simple sorting and crushing processes. By raising environmental awareness, more diverse and effective collection systems could be established for consumers to easily dispose of EOL batteries in many places. Producers, retailers and distributors in South Korea should also play an important role in the collection of EOL batteries from consumers. Lithium-ion batteries from many electronic devices must be included in the EPR system for resource recovery.

关键词： End-of-life battery     Recycling     Material flow analysis (MFA)     Extended producer responsibility (EPR)     Resource recovery    

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新一代人工智能引领下的智能产品与装备

谭建荣,刘振宇,徐敬华

《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第4期   页码 35-43 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.04.007

摘要：

智能产品与装备是智能制造和服务的价值载体、技术前提和物质基础。智能产品与装备的内涵体现在两个辩证的方面：一是智能技术的产品化，主要体现在物联网、大数据、云计算、边缘计算、机器学习、深度学习、安全监控、自动化控制、计算机技术、精密传感技术、GPS定位技术等的综合应用；二是传统产品的智能化，借势新一代人工智能，赋予传统产品以更高智慧，在智能制造装备、智能生产、智能管理等方面注入强劲生命力和发展动能。在广泛科学调研和已有研究基础上，结合《中国制造2025》的十大重点领域及《人工智能三年行动计划》等宏观政策，拟定了智能产品与装备的十二大装备领域。研究表明，新一代智能产品与装备以知识工程为核心，以自感应、自适应、自学习和自决策为显著特征。未来将重点发展该领域的十大关键技术。

关键词： 智能产品与装备     知识工程     智能状态感应     智能变异适应     智能知识学习     智能控制决策    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Smart systems engineering contributing to an intelligent carbon-neutral future: opportunities, challenges

期刊论文

Preparation and performance of soft actuator based on IPMC with silver electrodes

Qi CHEN, Ke XIONG, Kan BIAN, Ning JIN, Bangfeng WANG,

期刊论文

Liquid metal material genome: Initiation of a new research track towards discovery of advanced energy

Lei WANG, Jing LIU

期刊论文

Robust topology optimization of multi-material lattice structures under material and load uncertainties

Yu-Chin CHAN, Kohei SHINTANI, Wei CHEN

期刊论文

工程材料研究中科学问题的思考

于翘

期刊论文

高分子材料的智能制造平台——高分子材料基因工程

高梁, 王立权, 林嘉平, 杜磊

期刊论文

A novel approach to minimizing material loss for computer numerical control flank-regrinding of worn

期刊论文

A MATLAB code for the material-field series-expansion topology optimization method

期刊论文

A multiscale material model for heterogeneous liquid droplets in solid soft composites

期刊论文

Influence of soft rock-fill material as dam embankment with central bituminous concrete membrane

Peter TSCHERNUTTER

期刊论文

Effects of sheet thickness and material on the mechanical properties of flat clinched joint

Chao CHEN, Huiyang ZHANG, Shengdun ZHAO, Xiaoqiang REN

期刊论文

A critical review of preparation design and workability measurement of concrete material for largescale

Guowei MA, Li WANG

期刊论文

智能船舶工程科技发展战略研究

郎舒妍,曾晓光,张民

期刊论文

End-of-life batteries management and material flow analysis in South Korea

Hyunhee Kim, Yong-Chul Jang, Yeonjung Hwang, Youngjae Ko, Hyunmyeong Yun

期刊论文

新一代人工智能引领下的智能产品与装备

谭建荣,刘振宇,徐敬华

期刊论文